Top 30 IoT Interview Questions and Answers [2025]

Top 30 IoT Interview Questions and Answers

If you want to pass the interview session for a profile related to IoT skills, you can read this amazing article explaining the Top 30 IoT Interview Questions and Answers. Moreover, several industries have already included IoT devices in their working environment to ensure effective and efficient work performance.

In the end, we are going to talk about a reputed training institute that can offer you a dedicated training program for IoT Skills for students. What are we waiting for? Let’s get straight to the topic!

What is IoT?

A network of physical objects (or “things”) that have sensors, software, and other technologies integrated into them so they can gather and share data with other systems and devices online is known as the Internet of Things (IoT).

These items can be anything from commonplace domestic goods to highly advanced industrial equipment. Numerous applications can be remotely monitored, controlled, and automated thanks to the connectivity. Let’s talk about the Top 30 IoT Interview Questions and Answers!

IoT Interview Questions and Answers

1. What is IoT, and how does it work?

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of physical things that have been equipped with technology to gather and share data online. In the following ways, it works:

1. Things with Sensors/ Actuators,
2. Connectivity,
3. Data Processing,
4. User Interface, and
5. Action and Automation.

2. What are the challenges of IoT?

Following are some of the challenges of IoT:

1. Security,
2. Interoperability,
3. Data Management,
4. Privacy, and
5. Scalability.

3. Distinguish Between The Iot And Iiot

While IIoT (Industrial IoT) concentrates on industrial applications for efficiency, productivity, and safety, IoT connects commonplace objects for ease and public use.

4. What are the advantages of IoT?

The following are the advantages of IoT:

1. Increased Efficiency,
2. Enhanced Data Collection and Analysis,
3. Improved Convenience & Comfort,
4. Cost Reduction, and
5. Enhanced Safety & Security.

5. How Can Edge Computing Benefit IoT?

In the following ways, Edge Computing can benefit IoT:

1. Reduced Latency,
2. Lower Bandwidth Usage,
3. Enhanced Reliability & Resilience,
4. Improved Security & Privacy, and
5. Real-time Insights & Faster Decision-Making.

6. Explain Bluegiga Apx4 Protocol.

Often used to create wireless gateways, the Bluegiga APX4 protocol is a low-power wireless System-on-Module that combines Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) and Wi-Fi on a single platform.

7. Explain Raspberry Pi.

A Raspberry Pi is a line of tiny, reasonably priced, single-board computers that can be used for several tasks, such as learning to program or creating Internet of Things devices.

8. List layers of the IoT protocol stack.

The following are the IoT Protocol stacks:

1. Perception/ Device Layer,
2. Network/ Transport Layer,
3. Processing/ Middleware Layer, and
4. Application Layer.

9. Can you explain the IoT architecture/layers (perception, network, application)?

The perception layer, which is made up of physical devices gathering data; the network layer, which transmits this data; and the application layer, which uses the processed data for certain services, make up the Internet of Things architecture.

10. What are some popular communication protocols used in IoT?

Following are some of the popular communication protocols used in IoT:

1. MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport),
2. CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol),
3. HTTP/ HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol/Secure),
4. Bluetooth/ BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy), and
5. Zigbee.

11. How does MQTT differ from HTTP in IoT applications?

Unlike HTTP’s more complex request/response format, MQTT is a lightweight publish/subscribe messaging protocol designed for low-bandwidth and unstable networks, which are widespread in the Internet of Things.

12. What is the role of sensors and actuators in IoT?

In the Internet of Things, sensors serve as the “eyes and ears” by gathering information from the physical world, while actuators are the “hands and feet” that carry out physical activities in response to data processing.

13. What are some common use cases of IoT in 2025?

The following are some common use cases of IoT in 2025:

1. Enhanced Smart Homes,
2. Smarter Healthcare with Remote Monitoring,
3. Industrial IoT (IIoT) for Predictive Maintenance & Automation,
4. Smarter & More Sustainable Cities, and
5. Connected & Autonomous Vehicles.

14. What is the difference between M2M and IoT?

In contrast to IoT (Internet of Things), which is a larger network of interconnected devices interacting over the internet for a variety of applications and data sharing, M2M (Machine-to-Machine) usually entails a direct point-to-point connection between devices for specialized activities.

15. What encryption techniques are used in IoT communication?

The following encryption techniques are used in IoT communication:

1. Transport Layer Security (TLS)/ Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS),
2. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES),
3. Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC),
4. MQTT Payload Encryption, and
5. Asymmetric Key Encryption (RSA).

16. What is the significance of IPv6 in IoT?

In contrast to IPv4’s restrictions, IPv6’s greatly increased address space makes it significant for the Internet of Things since it can handle the exponentially increasing number of connected devices.

17. What’s the role of AI and ML in modern IoT systems?

AI and ML serve as the “brains” of contemporary IoT systems, processing the massive volumes of data gathered by devices to provide automated processes, predictive maintenance, intelligent decision-making, and personalized experiences.

18. Explain the difference between edge, fog, and cloud computing.

Cloud computing handles data in centralized, distant data centers; fog computing handles data in a decentralized fashion closer to the edge than the cloud; and edge computing handles data at or close to the source devices.

19. What is a digital twin, and how is it used in IoT?

A digital twin is a computerized model of a real asset, procedure, or system that is updated in real time using Internet of Things data to mimic, track, and improve its behavior and performance.

20. What’s the function of a gateway in IoT?

An IoT gateway serves as a conduit between IoT devices and the cloud, frequently offering edge processing, connectivity, data aggregation, and protocol translation.

21. How is data collected and analyzed in an IoT system?

Sensors in devices gather data, which is then sent over networks for processing and analysis—often with cloud-based platforms and AI/ML algorithms—to glean insights and facilitate action in an Internet of Things system.

22. How do you ensure scalability in a large-scale IoT deployment?

Designing for modularity, leveraging cloud-based infrastructure, implementing effective data management techniques, and implementing strong network topologies that can manage growing device counts and data volumes are all necessary to ensure scalability in extensive IoT deployments.

23. What are the best practices for firmware updates in IoT devices?

The following are the best practices for firmware updates in IoT devices:

1. Secure Over-the-Air (OTA) Updates,
2. Thorough Testing and Staged Rollouts,
3. Robust Rollback Mechanisms,
4. Clear Communication & User Control (where applicable), and
5. Minimize Power Consumption During Updates.

24. How would you handle device identity and authentication in an IoT ecosystem?

One can handle device identity and authentication in an IoT ecosystem in the following ways:

1. Unique Device Identity,
2. Strong Authentication Mechanisms,
3. Secure Key Management,
4. Certificate-Based Authentication, and
5. Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) & Authorization.

25. How do you monitor and manage thousands of IoT devices?

One can monitor and manage thousands of IoT devices in the following ways:

1. Centralized Device Management Platform,
2. Real-time Monitoring & Alerting,
3. Remote Diagnostics & Troubleshooting,
4. Automation & Orchestration, and
5. Data Analytics & Visualization.

26. What’s the impact of 5G on IoT?

By offering faster speeds, less latency, and more capacity, 5G greatly expands IoT capabilities and makes it possible for more sophisticated and real-time applications in a variety of industries.

27. What cloud services do you use for IoT, and why? (e.g., AWS IoT Core, Azure IoT Hub)

I don’t utilize any particular cloud services or have any personal preferences because I’m a big language model. Nonetheless, AWS IoT Core and Azure IoT Hub are well-liked options for IoT cloud services because of their extensive device management, data ingestion, analytics, and strong security features made to meet the particular requirements of IoT installations.

28. How do you ensure data privacy in an IoT system?

By following the factors below, you can ensure data privacy in an IoT system:

1. Data Minimization,
2. Data Encryption,
3. Anonymization & Pseudonymization,
4. Secure Device Management & Updates, and
5. Transparency & User Consent.

29. What testing strategies do you use for IoT systems?

The following are some of the testing strategies we can use for IoT systems:

1. Functional Testing,
2. Security Testing,
3. Performance & Scalability Testing,
4. Interoperability Testing, and
5. Usability & User Experience (UX) Testing.

30. Where do you see the future of IoT heading in the next 5 years?

The future of IoT is anticipated to be characterized in the next five years by expanded use of edge computing for real-time processing, heightened focus on security and privacy, broader adoption of 5G for faster and more dependable connectivity, deeper integration of AI and machine learning for enhanced intelligence and automation, and the expansion of IoT applications into more diverse sectors like healthcare, smart cities, and industrial automation, which will result in more effective, individualized, and connected experiences.

Benefits of IoT Security in Organizations

S.No.	Benefits	How?
1.	Protection of Sensitive Data	To avoid unwanted access and possible data breaches, IoT security measures protect sensitive data that is gathered, processed, and transmitted by connected devices.
2.	Prevention of Cyberattacks	Strong security measures reduce the possibility of ransomware, malware, and denial-of-service attacks, among other cyber threats, that target IoT networks and devices.
3.	Ensuring Business Continuity	By protecting IoT infrastructure, businesses can guarantee uninterrupted operation by avoiding interruptions to vital services and processes that depend on linked devices.
4.	Maintaining Customer Trust and Loyalty	Strong IoT security procedures build confidence and enduring loyalty by ensuring that consumers’ data and interactions with linked products are safe.
5.	Compliance with Regulations	Organizations can comply with a variety of data protection and privacy rules that are pertinent to IoT installations by putting in place suitable security measures.
6.	Protection of Intellectual Property	Protecting linked systems and devices helps stop theft and illegal access to priceless intellectual property created or embedded in IoT solutions.
7.	Enhanced Operational Efficiency	By reducing downtime and guaranteeing the integrity of data used for decision-making, secure and dependable IoT solutions help to maintain consistent and optimal operational procedures.
8.	Preserving Brand Reputation	An organization’s brand image and reputation are safeguarded by avoiding security incidents and data breaches related to IoT installations. This helps to avoid potential harm to consumer perception and market status.

Industries that use IoT Devices

The following are some of the industries that use IoT devices:

1. Manufacturing: For supply chain optimization, quality assurance, predictive maintenance, real-time machinery monitoring, and increased automation in smart factories.
2. Agriculture: Precision farming for climate control in greenhouses, controlled irrigation, tracking animals, soil monitoring, and drone-based crop surveillance.
3. Healthcare: For medication management, telemedicine, smart hospitals (smart beds, connected medical equipment), and remote patient monitoring (wearables, implanted devices).
4. Energy: Smart metering for optimal consumption, predictive maintenance of infrastructure, monitoring of renewable energy, and effective energy distribution in smart grids.
5. Transportation and Logistics: For intelligent traffic management systems, smart warehousing, fleet management, autonomous vehicles, and real-time cargo tracking.
6. Retail: For automated checkout processes, smart shelves, tailored offers, improved customer experience via linked devices, and inventory management.
7. Smart Homes and Buildings: For energy management, automated appliances, smart lighting, security systems, and climate control (smart thermostats).
8. Smart Cities: For public safety, trash management, intelligent traffic control, smart street lighting, and environmental monitoring (air and water quality).
9. Environmental Monitoring: For weather forecasting, wildlife protection initiatives, pollutant level tracking, and water quality monitoring.
10. Automotive: Providing infotainment, safety features, navigation, predictive maintenance, and opening the door for autonomous driving in connected automobiles.

Job Profiles After the Internet of Things Penetration Testing Course with AI in Delhi

S.No.	Job Profiles	What?
1.	IoT Security Analyst with AI Focus	Using AI-powered technologies for threat identification and analysis to analyze security flaws in IoT systems and devices.
2.	AI-Driven IoT Penetration Tester	Use AI approaches to conduct sophisticated penetration testing on IoT environments to find intricate and unique attack routes.
3.	IoT Security Architect with AI Expertise	Creating safe IoT architectures using threat intelligence and AI-based security features.
4.	AI-Powered Vulnerability Researcher (IoT)	Creating and using AI/ML models to find security holes and zero-day vulnerabilities in IoT software and devices.
5.	IoT Threat Intelligence Analyst (AI-Specialized)	Utilizing AI to analyze large datasets of IoT security incidents to find new trends, threats, and attacker activities.
6.	Security Automation Engineer (IoT with AI)	Creating frameworks for automated security testing and response for Internet of Things systems and incorporating AI to achieve intelligent automation.
7.	IoT Forensic Analyst with AI Capabilities	Utilizing AI-driven methods for data analysis and attribution while looking into security incidents and breaches in IoT systems.
8.	AI-Enhanced IoT Security Consultant	Offering firms professional counsel and direction on utilizing AI-powered security solutions and protecting their IoT deployments.
9.	Manager/ Lead of IoT Security Testing (with AI Emphasis)	Directing groups in charge of IoT system security evaluations and penetration testing, with an emphasis on implementing AI techniques.
10.	Researcher in AI for IoT Security	Investigating the use of machine learning and artificial intelligence to improve the security of Internet of Things ecosystems and devices.

Conclusion

Now that you have gone through the Top 30 IoT Interview Questions and Answers, you might feel a bit confident about cracking the interview sessions. Apart from that, those who want to make a career in the IoT domain in the IT Industry can get in contact with Craw Security, which offers a dedicated training & certification program, the Internet of Things Penetration Testing Course with AI in Delhi, to students.

During the training sessions, aspirants will be able to find out various techniques to secure IoT Devices during task completion under the guidance of professionals. With that, online sessions offered by Craw Security will facilitate students’ remote learning.

After the completion of the Internet of Things Penetration Testing Course with AI in Delhi offered by Craw Security, students will receive a dedicated certificate validating their honed knowledge & skills during the sessions. What are you waiting for? Contact, Now!